You've got a great story tip. You're excited to begin your investigation. Then you discover that there is no data on what you're investigating. Or just as bad, the data, such as it is, is still on paper! Don't fret. Learn how to address these data problems and still do data journalism that gives you original research and analysis for your investigations.
A concrete example of this is the main story regarding the fraudulent Medicare billing that developed from the 2 terabytes of data. You can find this story here.